内容简介：

1、名词性从句简介2、名词性从句 难点强化3、名词性从句典型错误4、走出名词性从句的“误区”5、名词性从句考点归纳6、 1987---2014年中的名词性从句

分析下列各句：

1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.

2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

3. Who let out the news remained unknown. = It remained unknown who let out the news.

4. Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come here.

5. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

一．名词性从句简介

1、主语从句

主语从句在从句中作主语，主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。

注意：连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。

注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。

注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。

另外，有的“It …＋主语从句”已成为固定结构。如：

a. It is +名词＋从句 It is a pity that we can’t go.

b. It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is clear that Tom has returned.

c. It is ＋过去分词＋从句 It is said / reported / believed / known …

主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：

(1）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ×

(2）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ×

(3）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. ×

(4）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

Is that will rain in the evening likely? ×

(5) if引导的主语从句

Does it matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

If she likes the present is not clear to me. ×

1．I don’t know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace. .

2. I expect （that）I shall be back on Sunday.

3. He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.

4. I consider it necessary that he should do it again.

5. I don’t think he will see you. I don’t believe he will go.

6. We don’t expect he is coming. I don’t think he can do it, can he?

7. I don’t think he can do it, can he? I don’t think you are right, are you?

8. I insisted that he （should）do it at once. She suggested that the work （should）be finished at once.

9. The teacher is satisfied with what I said.

10. I’m afraid that I will be late. I’m glad that you passed the exam.

2、宾语从句

在复合句中用作宾语的从句是宾语从句

1） 作动词宾语

在口语中，that引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个that从句并列时后边的that一般不省略。

若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.

在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。如：

注：此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we. 而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。

在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：

2） 作介词宾语

3） 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容词的宾语。

1. The rumour that there will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.

2. They have no hope that he will recover.

3. I have no idea where they have gone.

4. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.

比较：The news that our team won the game is true.

The news that you have heard isn’t true.

The news is that our team won the game.

3．同位语从句

如果担任同位语的是个句子，则这个句子是同位语从句。同位语从句表示先行名词的具体内容，能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。

引导同位语从句常用连词that，它在句中不担任句子成分，没有词意。除that外，还有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。可以引导同位语从句。同位语从句与先行名词有时也可以分开。

注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

（1）同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。

（2）引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语，宾语等。引导同位语从句的wh一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh一词则没有疑问意义。

（3）同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转述为主表关系，而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。

（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：

They put forward the question where they could get the money.

This is the place where the accident happened.

1. The problem is where we can hold our meeting 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。

2. It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。

3. The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed .

其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。

4. That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。

4．表语从句

在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后.

1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句：

It seems that it is going to rain.

It looks as if it is going to rain.

2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。

It was because I got up late.

二、名词性从句 难点强化

1：表命令建议 的名词后的表语从句。

在order,(命令），suggestion, advice(建议）等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即：”should+动词原形“，should 常可省。

如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.

2.that.whether的区别: that 用于表示肯定的意义，而whether表疑问。

I don’t doubt that he will win. (I’m sure)

It doesn’t matter

It makes no difference

It is uncertain

It is not made clear

It is still a question

It is not decided whether

It is to be found out

It is to be decided

I doubt/wonder/

have no idea/don’t know

3:名词性从句皆用陈述语序。

I wonder how much this pair of shoes costs.

I want to know where you had put my pen.

时态 :(与间接引语基本一致)

如果主句是现在时，从句时态可以不变，但如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。当从句是客观真理,定义、公理、定理时用一般现在时。

宾： I know he lives here.

He asked whether his father would come back.

The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.

表：That is what I was worried about two days ago.

It looked as if it was going to rain.

4:that 的省略

that引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使用须注意以下几点:

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：

That they are good at English is known to us all.

The problem is that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.

Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

D.当主语为the reason时,注意应用that 引导其表语从句,不能受汉语影响而误用because。例如:

The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车.(此句中的that不可用because代替)

③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如：

It happened that I went out last night.

It is said that China will win in the World Cup.

that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.如果it作形式主语,而that从句置于句末, 这时that可以省略。例如:

That he has lost his work is not true. 他丢了工作不是真的。

=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.

5: who, whoever, whom和whomever

在引导名词性从句时,在句中作主语时用who,意思是"谁",含有疑问意味,whoever是它的强语势"无论谁",不含有疑问意味。表示…..的人，相当于the person who,或anyone who

Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

注意区别：①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.

You can choose whatever you like in the shop.

②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever you do, you must do it well.

( = No matter what you do, you must do it well.)

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,

(=No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.)(让步状语，意为无论谁）

③ no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

作宾语时用whom, 其相应强语势为whomever。判别时要根据句意以及在句中的语法功能来决定该用哪个引导词。例如:

Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用Whoever显然句意不通)

Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去.(Whoever wants 相当于Anybody who wants,意为"凡是想……的人"。这里不可换为Who。)

Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁作候选人了?

You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人。

6：because引导的表语从句

Because 可以引导表语从句，但通常只用于”This/That/It i/was because…”结构中

注意：在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because, 即the reason is that the reason (why…) is that如:

The reason was that he didn’t catch the early bus. 原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。

The reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill.

7: 注意what/ that/ which引导词与定语从句的引导词的区别

what与which引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成份,如主语、表语、宾语或定语。

what 表示泛指的事物,常译为"什么"或"所……的事物",

what=all that, everything that在从句中作主，宾，表语。

I don’t believe what he said.(＝I don’t believe all that he said.)

whatever是它的强语势"无论什么"; 不能引导定语从句。

E.g: I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。

that在所有的名词性从句中都不作任何成分。

That he is to take charge of our factory is already an open secret.

which表示特定事物中的"哪一个(些)",一般情况下在从句中充当定语,后接名词,在一定的语境中,它所修饰的名词可以省略,whichever是它的强语势"无论哪一个(些)"。 在名词性从句中加上名词做主语\宾语 eg: I don’t know which answer is right.

•I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 这个书架上的(任何一本)书,只要她喜欢,我都会给她。

在定语从句中，单独做主语\宾语 eg: I see a film which was popular in the past.

that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；eg: I knew that I was wrong. 在定语从句中 作宾语\主语 eg: I get the very news that is important to me.

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