牛津高中英语设计
单　　元：Unit 2 Language
板　　块：Welcome to the unit

堂设计指导思想：
本时是单元的第一时，型为听说。“Welcome to the unit”作为一个单元的起始，主要起到“预热”的功能，其具体作用体现在：
一、激活学生现有知识体系，为新知识的输入铺设台阶，铺平道路；
二、导入本单元的“main topic”，为整个单元的话题的讨论提供引子；
三、输入相关背景知识，为学生了解单元话题内容，进行进一步讨论、探究提供信息和依据；
四、围绕单元主题，提供给学生一个友善的同龄人间的听说训练的平台，从而帮助学生学得更加自信，将思维真正变成鲜活的、可以使用的语言。本的设计从日常可以言说的语言谈起，逐步讨论了语言的多种形式——有声的、无声的、人类间的、动物间的等等，扩大学生对语言外延的认识，进而探讨了信息得以传递的各种途径，最后话题缩小到英语语言的学习，为“Reading”的导入做了一定的铺垫。
Teaching aims:
1.Get to know more about different forms of languages;
2.Learn different ways in which information can be transmitted;
3.Get fully involved in the discussion and share the experiences of learning English.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Warming up
The teacher starts the lesson with a small guessing game. Students are divided into several groups. A question “How many languages are there in the world?” is presented on the screen. Answers varying from “more than 2000” to “more than 7000” are also presented on the screen. Students are encouraged to guess the answers. And students who guess it right can gain points for their groups. And the answer is more than 6000.
【设计说明】从简单的竞猜游戏过渡进入堂，生动活泼，从最大限度上激发学生的热情和积极融入堂的参与意识。可以按小组实施，对每组选择不同答案的人数加以分别统计，最后以每组猜对正确答案的人数记入分数。由于设计的是竞猜，最大的好处是使学生无论基础如何，都能参与进，而且都可能为本组获得成绩贡献自己的一份力量，对于将英语语言学习上后进的同学带入堂能起到较好的作用。

Step 2 Presentation of a card
Present a new year’s card to the students. Ask them to recognize the languages printed on the card. If some students could read some of the languages, encourage them do it in the class.
【设计说明】印有多种新年祝福语(中、英、法、俄、日)的卡片是书本图片的第一张。部分学生可能可以辨认出其中两至三种语言，甚至更多。如果学生愿意在班里朗读这些祝福语，也可以为他们的组获得分数。这样的设计，一方面为部分学生铺设了展示的舞台，可以增加这些学生学习语言的自豪感和为团队争光的荣誉感；另一方面，可以激发其他学生学习语言的动力和兴趣。如果教师自身条允许，可以教学生这些语言的读法，不失为一次既有亲和力，又能激发堂活力的活动。

Step 3 Discussion of emoticons
An emoticon is presented on the screen. Two questions “We often see this while chatting on line or in our text messages, what does it stand for? Could you give some other examples of emoticons?” are raised on the screen as well. Students are encouraged to utter their ideas freely. And the teacher really should appreciate their answers and the opportunity to learn from the students.
ore emoticons are presented on the screen to let students guess or tell the meaning of them. This can also be involved in the competition if the teacher wants it to be interesting.
【设计说明】网络及手机短信中的表情符号是学生们生活中较为流行的一种语言形式，对这一学生熟知的语言现象的讨论，有助于拉近语言与学生间的距离，更有助于充分调动学生的学习积极性。

Step 4 Discussion on other forms of languages
Tell students that a language is not only something that can be spoken or typed. Show them a picture of sign language on the book. Give a short introduction of the meaning of the gesture. Present more pictures of sign language and get students to guess their meaning.
【设计说明】介绍语言不仅仅包含可书写和可言说的形式，还有手势等形式。简单介绍同一手势在不同国家和化中蕴含的意义不同，在激发学生学习热情的同时，加强了化的输入，和跨化交际意识的培养。

Step 5 Introduction of Braille
Deaf people can use sign language to communicate. Ask students “How can blind people read the language in the books?” Present a picture of Braille alphabet on the screen. Ask students to feel the dots on their cash if possible.
【设计说明】与学生讨论盲。简单介绍盲的字母表。如果条允许，可以让学生通过感觉人民币上的盲标识，对盲有一个感性的认识。帮助学生体会残疾人学习生活的不便，鼓励他们要努力学习。

Step 6 Discussion on communication between animals
Raise the question “Do you believe animals can also speak languages?” Let students express their idea about communication between animals.
【设计说明】人类只是这颗蔚蓝色星球居民的一份子，人类用语言交流，那么动物呢？让学生从已有的实际知识出发，加以适当的想象，阐述他们的观点。人类发展的步伐永远需要想象力这对翅膀的推动，在这里，让我们的学生畅所欲言吧。

Step 7 Discussion of other ways of changing information
Present a few pictures of some beautiful dancers in the silent world. Ask the students “Have you ever been shocked by the magnificent performance?” Raise the topic of other ways in which people can exchange their messages. For example “smoke signals and fire signals and etc.” Students are allowed to discuss the topic in groups and present their ideas according to the brainchild of their discussion.
Based on the discussion, students are encouraged to think over what should be included as language.
【设计说明】残疾舞者的美带给学生震撼和感动，同时激发学生思考讨论其它传递信息和表达思想的途径，从而拓宽他们对语言的理解。语言是思维的载体，是传递思想，化，知识，美等非物质的途径。通过对语言外延的探讨，加深学生对语言的理解和认识。

Step 8 Discussion on learning of English
English is the most widely used language in the world. Ask students to share their effective methods for studying the English language with each other.
【设计说明】我们将话题从语言的理解缩小到英语堂。同龄人间的彼此学习是一种比老师苦口婆心的说教有用得多的榜样的力量。老师在这里可以提前邀约对英语学习有想法、有特点、有方法的同学在这一环节做陈述，相信会有意想不到的收获。

Step 9 Homework
Like Chinese, English also has a long history. After class, please do some research to find out how the English language has been developing.
【设计说明】通过家庭作业，让学生接触更多关于语言的知识，同时水到渠成地为“Reading”的预习做好铺垫。

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